Vapor Pressure Data

The following table contains general recommendations of suitable crucible/source combinations for the most commonly used evaporation materials.

These recommendations base on scientific knowledge partly verified and amended by our own experience and customer feedback.

Where more than one source or crucible are suggested for particular evaporants, the choice has to be made based on the specific requirements of the customer’s application. Please inquire in case of doubt.

Important note: Due to the great diversity of applications and system conditions, we take no responsibility for the correctness of the suggestions below.
The values in the table below are quoted from, respectively calculated on the basis of “Karlsruher Nuklidkarte” by Magill, Pfennig, Galy and the IUPAC Periodic Table of Elements. We take no responsibility for the correctness of the given values.


EvaporantMelting Point
[°C]		Temperature [°C] at vapor pressure [mbar]Crucible
materials		Recommended
sources
SymbolName10-710-510-310-1
AgSilver9616187429071135PBNWEZ PEZ
AlAluminium66074589210871362PBNWEZ PEZ EBV
AsArsenic817122170231312PBN, PG, QuartzTCC DECO VTCC VACS NTEZ
AuGold1064871103412521558PBNWEZ PEZ EBV HTEZ
BBoron20771391161319022297PGEBVV EBV HTEZ HTS-W
BaBarium727329424555745PBN, TaNTEZ
BeBeryllium128774488510731332PBN, BeOWEZ PEZ
BiBismuth271364459586767PBN, PGNTEZ
CCarbon35501750197822652635-EBVV SUKO
CaCalcium842312399516683PBNNTEZ
CdCadmium32190142212310PBN, Al2O3 NTEZ
CeCerium7991084128415521932-HTEZ-W
CoCobalt1495994116213821681Al2O3, BeO*EBV HTEZ-W
CrChromium1907899105412561530W, Al2O3, BeOEBV HTEZ-W
CsCaesium28-241103195-AKS
CuCopper108477392111171390PBNWEZ PEZ HTEZ
DyDysprosium14126688069911254PG, PBNWEZ HTEZ NTEZ
ErErbium152974990011031391PBN, WWEZ PEZ HTEZ
EuEuropium822317405525696PBNNTEZ
FeIron1538946111013241618Al2O3, BeO*WEZ EBV HTEZ-W
GaGallium296147459211172PBNWEZ PEZ
GdGadolinium1313983116514091752TaWEZ HTEZ
GeGermanium938849101312321540PBN, PGEBV HTEZ WEZ HTS
HfHafnium22331611186321952648-EBV
HgMercury-38-61-291376-HGS
HoHolmium147270284610391313-WEZ EBV
InIndium1565256448061037PBNWEZ PEZ
IrIridium24461672192022412672-EBV
KPotassium633686155256PBNNTEZ
LaLanthanum9201100129715611931W, TaEBVV HTS EBV HTEZ-W
LiLithium180259341452613PBNNTEZ
LuLutetium16631054124014861829Al2O3HTEZ-W
MgMagnesium650206276369500PBN, PGVCCS TCC VTCC NTEZ
MnManganese12465857038591074PBN, PG, Al2O3WEZ PEZ NTEZ
MoMolybdenum26221670192622582709-EBV
NaSodium9792150229344PBNNTEZ
NbNiobium24771831209724402899-EBV
NdNeodymium101679595811801500TaWEZ HTEZ
NiNickel1455992115713711662BeOEBVV EBV HTEZ-W
OsOsmium30332002228726543144-EBV
PPhosphorus4466105153215PBNVGCS DECO
PbLead327377478616815PBN, PG, Al2O3WEZ NTEZ
PdPalladium1554915108413081621Al2O3, BeO*EBVV HTS EBV HTEZ-W
PrPraseodymium931900108313341700-EBV HTEZ
PtPlatinum17681377160118962301PG, BeOEBVV HTS EBV HTEZ-W
RbRubidium39955118213-AKS
ReRhenium31852036234127403283-EBV
RhRhodium19631346155618272193-HTS EBV HTEZ-W
RuRuthenium23331601183721402546-EBV
SSulfur115-13379139Quartz, PBNVSS PVSS VCS
SbAntimony630304380481617PBNVCCS TCC DECO VTCC NTEZ
ScScandium1541877103612451533WWEZ PEZ HTEZ-W
SeSelenium22079129196288PG, PBN, QuartzVSS TCC VTCC OME NTEZ VSCS
SiSilicon14141063124614891823PBNWEZ SUSI DEZ EBV
SmSamarium1072406506642835PBNWEZ
SnTin23173288310881380PBN, PGWEZ PEZ
SrStrontium777263343452609PBN, PG, TaNTEZ
TaTantalum30172060235127243221-EBV
TbTerbium1359951112913671704-EBV HTEZ
TeTellurium449194253329430PG, Al2O3, PBN VCCS TCC VTCC OME NTEZ
TiTitanium16701134132515761921Ta, W, PGEBV HTEZ HTS-W
TlThallium304319408529702PBNNTEZ
TmThulium1545487599749963PBNWEZ
VVanadium19101233142616752010W, TaEBV HTEZ-W
WTungsten34142240256029733527-EBV
YYttrium15221033121714611800Al2O3, BeO*HTS EBV HTEZ-W
YbYtterbium824227301401541PBN, PGNTEZ
ZnZinc419147207287398Al2O3, PBN, PGVTCC NTEZ
ZrZirconium18541533177520912524-EBV

* Al2O3 below melting point, BeO above melting point
** Please contact us for crucible suggestions